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自定义工作流架构中,您可以使用 LangGraph 定义自己的定制执行流程。您可以完全控制图结构——包括顺序步骤、条件分支、循环和并行执行。

主要特征

  • 完全控制图结构
  • 混合确定性逻辑与代理行为
  • 支持顺序步骤、条件分支、循环和并行执行
  • 将其他模式作为节点嵌入工作流中

何时使用

当标准模式(子代理、技能等)不符合您的要求,您需要混合确定性逻辑与代理行为,或者您的用例需要复杂的路由或多阶段处理时,请使用自定义工作流。 您工作流中的每个节点可以是一个简单的函数、一个 LLM 调用,或者一个带有工具的完整代理。您还可以在自定义工作流中组合其他架构——例如,将多代理系统作为单个节点嵌入。 有关自定义工作流的完整示例,请参阅下面的教程。

教程:构建带路由的多源知识库

路由器模式是自定义工作流的一个示例。本教程将演示如何构建一个并行查询 GitHub、Notion 和 Slack,然后综合结果的路由器。

基本实现

核心见解是您可以直接在任何 LangGraph 节点内调用 LangChain 代理,结合自定义工作流的灵活性和预构建代理的便利性:
import { z } from "zod";
import { createAgent } from "langchain";
import { StateGraph, START, END, StateSchema, MessagesValue } from "@langchain/langgraph";

const agent = createAgent({ model: "openai:gpt-4o", tools: [...] });

const AgentState = new StateSchema({
  messages: MessagesValue,
  query: z.string(),
});

const agentNode: GraphNode<typeof AgentState> = (state) => {
  // 调用 LangChain 代理的 LangGraph 节点
  const result = await agent.invoke({
    messages: [{ role: "user", content: state.query }]
  });
  return { answer: result.messages.at(-1)?.content };
}

// 构建一个简单的工作流
const workflow = new StateGraph(State)
  .addNode("agent", agentNode)
  .addEdge(START, "agent")
  .addEdge("agent", END)
  .compile();

示例:RAG 管道

一个常见的用例是将检索与代理结合。此示例构建了一个 WNBA 统计助手,它可以从知识库中检索并获取实时新闻。
该工作流演示了三种类型的节点:
  • 模型节点 (Rewrite):使用结构化输出重写用户查询以获得更好的检索效果。
  • 确定性节点 (Retrieve):执行向量相似性搜索 — 不涉及 LLM。
  • 代理节点 (Agent):对检索到的上下文进行推理,并可以通过工具获取更多信息。
您可以使用 LangGraph 状态在工作流步骤之间传递信息。这允许工作流的每个部分读取和更新结构化字段,从而轻松地跨节点共享数据和上下文。
import { StateGraph, Annotation, START, END } from "@langchain/langgraph";
import { createAgent, tool } from "langchain";
import { ChatOpenAI, OpenAIEmbeddings } from "@langchain/openai";
import { MemoryVectorStore } from "@langchain/classic/vectorstores/memory";
import * as z from "zod";

const State = Annotation.Root({
  question: Annotation<string>(),
  rewrittenQuery: Annotation<string>(),
  documents: Annotation<string[]>(),
  answer: Annotation<string>(),
});

// WNBA 知识库,包含名册、比赛结果和球员统计数据
const embeddings = new OpenAIEmbeddings();
const vectorStore = await MemoryVectorStore.fromTexts(
  [
    // 名册
    "New York Liberty 2024 roster: Breanna Stewart, Sabrina Ionescu, Jonquel Jones, Courtney Vandersloot.",
    "Las Vegas Aces 2024 roster: A'ja Wilson, Kelsey Plum, Jackie Young, Chelsea Gray.",
    "Indiana Fever 2024 roster: Caitlin Clark, Aliyah Boston, Kelsey Mitchell, NaLyssa Smith.",
    // 比赛结果
    "2024 WNBA Finals: New York Liberty defeated Minnesota Lynx 3-2 to win the championship.",
    "June 15, 2024: Indiana Fever 85, Chicago Sky 79. Caitlin Clark had 23 points and 8 assists.",
    "August 20, 2024: Las Vegas Aces 92, Phoenix Mercury 84. A'ja Wilson scored 35 points.",
    // 球员统计数据
    "A'ja Wilson 2024 season stats: 26.9 PPG, 11.9 RPG, 2.6 BPG. Won MVP award.",
    "Caitlin Clark 2024 rookie stats: 19.2 PPG, 8.4 APG, 5.7 RPG. Won Rookie of the Year.",
    "Breanna Stewart 2024 stats: 20.4 PPG, 8.5 RPG, 3.5 APG.",
  ],
  [{}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}],
  embeddings
);
const retriever = vectorStore.asRetriever({ k: 5 });

const getLatestNews = tool(
  async ({ query }) => {
    // 您的新闻 API 在此
    return "Latest: The WNBA announced expanded playoff format for 2025...";
  },
  {
    name: "get_latest_news",
    description: "Get the latest WNBA news and updates",
    schema: z.object({ query: z.string() }),
  }
);

const agent = createAgent({
  model: "openai:gpt-4.1",
  tools: [getLatestNews],
});

const model = new ChatOpenAI({ model: "gpt-4.1" });

const RewrittenQuery = z.object({ query: z.string() });

async function rewriteQuery(state: typeof State.State) {
  const systemPrompt = `Rewrite this query to retrieve relevant WNBA information.
The knowledge base contains: team rosters, game results with scores, and player statistics (PPG, RPG, APG).
Focus on specific player names, team names, or stat categories mentioned.`;
  const response = await model.withStructuredOutput(RewrittenQuery).invoke([
    { role: "system", content: systemPrompt },
    { role: "user", content: state.question },
  ]);
  return { rewrittenQuery: response.query };
}

async function retrieve(state: typeof State.State) {
  const docs = await retriever.invoke(state.rewrittenQuery);
  return { documents: docs.map((doc) => doc.pageContent) };
}

async function callAgent(state: typeof State.State) {
  const context = state.documents.join("\n\n");
  const prompt = `Context:\n${context}\n\nQuestion: ${state.question}`;
  const response = await agent.invoke({
    messages: [{ role: "user", content: prompt }],
  });
  return { answer: response.messages.at(-1)?.contentBlocks };
}

const workflow = new StateGraph(State)
  .addNode("rewrite", rewriteQuery)
  .addNode("retrieve", retrieve)
  .addNode("agent", callAgent)
  .addEdge(START, "rewrite")
  .addEdge("rewrite", "retrieve")
  .addEdge("retrieve", "agent")
  .addEdge("agent", END)
  .compile();

const result = await workflow.invoke({
  question: "Who won the 2024 WNBA Championship?",
});
console.log(result.answer);