什么是技能
技能是一个文件夹目录,其中每个文件夹包含一个或多个文件,这些文件提供了代理可以使用的上下文:- 一个
SKILL.md文件,包含关于该技能的说明和元数据 - 附加脚本(可选)
- 附加参考信息,例如文档(可选)
- 附加资源,例如模板和其他资源(可选)
任何附加资源(脚本、文档、模板或其他资源)必须在
SKILL.md 文件中被引用,并说明文件包含的内容以及如何使用它,以便代理能够决定何时使用它们。技能如何工作
当你创建一个深度代理时,你可以传入一个包含技能的目录列表。当代理启动时,它会读取每个SKILL.md 文件的 frontmatter。
当代理收到提示时,它会检查在完成提示时是否可以使用任何技能。如果找到匹配的提示,它会接着审查技能文件的其余部分。这种仅在需要时才审查技能信息的模式称为渐进式披露。
示例
你可能有一个技能文件夹,其中包含一个以特定方式使用文档站点的技能,以及另一个用于搜索 arXiv 预印本研究论文库的技能: skills/
├── langgraph-docs
│ └── SKILL.md
└── arxiv_search
├── SKILL.md
└── arxiv_search.py # 用于搜索 arXiv 的代码
SKILL.md 文件始终遵循相同的模式,以 frontmatter 中的元数据开始,后跟技能的说明。
以下示例展示了一个技能,它提供了在收到提示时如何提供相关 langgraph 文档的说明:
---
name: langgraph-docs
description: Use this skill for requests related to LangGraph in order to fetch relevant documentation to provide accurate, up-to-date guidance.
---
# langgraph-docs
## Overview
This skill explains how to access LangGraph Python documentation to help answer questions and guide implementation.
## Instructions
### 1. Fetch the Documentation Index
Use the fetch_url tool to read the following URL:
https://docs.langchain.com/llms.txt
This provides a structured list of all available documentation with descriptions.
### 2. Select Relevant Documentation
Based on the question, identify 2-4 most relevant documentation URLs from the index. Prioritize:
- Specific how-to guides for implementation questions
- Core concept pages for understanding questions
- Tutorials for end-to-end examples
- Reference docs for API details
### 3. Fetch Selected Documentation
Use the fetch_url tool to read the selected documentation URLs.
### 4. Provide Accurate Guidance
After reading the documentation, complete the user's request.
重要有关编写技能文件时的约束和最佳实践,请参阅完整的 Agent Skills 规范。特别注意:
- 如果
description字段超过 1024 个字符,将被截断。 - 在 Deep Agents 中,
SKILL.md文件必须小于 10 MB。超过此限制的文件在技能加载时将被跳过。
完整示例
以下示例展示了一个使用所有可用 frontmatter 字段的SKILL.md 文件:
---
name: langgraph-docs
description: Use this skill for requests related to LangGraph in order to fetch relevant documentation to provide accurate, up-to-date guidance.
license: MIT
compatibility: Requires internet access for fetching documentation URLs
metadata:
author: langchain
version: "1.0"
allowed-tools: fetch_url
---
# langgraph-docs
## Overview
This skill explains how to access LangGraph Python documentation to help answer questions and guide implementation.
## Instructions
### 1. Fetch the documentation index
Use the fetch_url tool to read the following URL:
https://docs.langchain.com/llms.txt
This provides a structured list of all available documentation with descriptions.
### 2. Select relevant documentation
Based on the question, identify 2-4 most relevant documentation URLs from the index. Prioritize:
- Specific how-to guides for implementation questions
- Core concept pages for understanding questions
- Tutorials for end-to-end examples
- Reference docs for API details
### 3. Fetch selected documentation
Use the fetch_url tool to read the selected documentation URLs.
### 4. Provide accurate guidance
After reading the documentation, complete the user's request.
用法
在创建深度代理时传入技能目录:- StateBackend
- StoreBackend
- FilesystemBackend
from urllib.request import urlopen
from deepagents import create_deep_agent
from deepagents.backends.utils import create_file_data
from langgraph.checkpoint.memory import MemorySaver
checkpointer = MemorySaver()
skill_url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/langchain-ai/deepagents/refs/heads/main/libs/cli/examples/skills/langgraph-docs/SKILL.md"
with urlopen(skill_url) as response:
skill_content = response.read().decode('utf-8')
skills_files = {
"/skills/langgraph-docs/SKILL.md": create_file_data(skill_content)
}
agent = create_deep_agent(
model="google_genai:gemini-3.1-pro-preview",
skills=["/skills/"],
checkpointer=checkpointer,
)
result = agent.invoke(
{
"messages": [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "What is langgraph?",
}
],
# 为默认 StateBackend 的内部状态文件系统提供种子(虚拟路径必须以 "/" 开头)。
"files": skills_files
},
config={"configurable": {"thread_id": "12345"}},
)
from urllib.request import urlopen
from deepagents import create_deep_agent
from deepagents.backends import StoreBackend
from deepagents.backends.utils import create_file_data
from langgraph.store.memory import InMemoryStore
store = InMemoryStore()
skill_url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/langchain-ai/deepagents/refs/heads/main/libs/cli/examples/skills/langgraph-docs/SKILL.md"
with urlopen(skill_url) as response:
skill_content = response.read().decode('utf-8')
store.put(
namespace=("filesystem",),
key="/skills/langgraph-docs/SKILL.md",
value=create_file_data(skill_content)
)
agent = create_deep_agent(
model="google_genai:gemini-3.1-pro-preview",
backend=StoreBackend(),
store=store,
skills=["/skills/"]
)
result = agent.invoke(
{
"messages": [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "What is langgraph?",
}
]
},
config={"configurable": {"thread_id": "12345"}},
)
from deepagents import create_deep_agent
from langgraph.checkpoint.memory import MemorySaver
from deepagents.backends.filesystem import FilesystemBackend
# 人机交互需要检查点存储器
checkpointer = MemorySaver()
agent = create_deep_agent(
model="google_genai:gemini-3.1-pro-preview",
backend=FilesystemBackend(root_dir="/Users/user/{project}"),
skills=["/Users/user/{project}/skills/"],
interrupt_on={
"write_file": True, # 默认:批准、编辑、拒绝
"read_file": False, # 无需中断
"edit_file": True # 默认:批准、编辑、拒绝
},
checkpointer=checkpointer, # 必需!
)
result = agent.invoke(
{
"messages": [
{
"role": "user",
"content": "What is langgraph?",
}
]
},
config={"configurable": {"thread_id": "12345"}},
)
list[str]
技能源路径列表。路径必须使用正斜杠指定,并且相对于后端的根目录。
- 如果省略,则不加载任何技能。
- 使用
StateBackend(默认)时,通过invoke(files={...})提供技能文件。使用deepagents.backends.utils中的create_file_data()来格式化文件内容;不支持原始字符串。 - 使用
FilesystemBackend时,技能从相对于后端root_dir的磁盘加载。
SDK 仅加载你在
skills 中传入的源。它不会自动扫描 CLI 目录,如 ~/.deepagents/... 或 ~/.agents/...。有关 CLI 存储约定,请参阅 应用数据。在 SDK 中模拟 CLI 源顺序
在 SDK 中模拟 CLI 源顺序
如果你希望在 SDK 代码中实现类似 CLI 的分层,请按从低到高的优先级顺序显式传入所有所需的源:然后在创建代理时将该有序列表作为
[
"<user-home>/.deepagents/{agent}/skills/",
"<user-home>/.agents/skills/",
"<project-root>/.deepagents/skills/",
"<project-root>/.agents/skills/",
]
skills 传入。源优先级
当多个技能源包含同名技能时,skills 数组中列出较后的源中的技能优先(后者优先)。这允许你分层来自不同来源的技能。
# 如果两个源都包含名为 "web-search" 的技能,
# 来自 "/skills/project/" 的那个将获胜(最后加载)。
agent = create_deep_agent(
model="google_genai:gemini-3.1-pro-preview",
skills=["/skills/user/", "/skills/project/"],
...
)
子代理的技能
当你使用子代理时,你可以配置每种类型可以访问哪些技能:- 通用子代理:当你向
create_deep_agent传入skills时,会自动继承主代理的技能。无需额外配置。 - 自定义子代理:不继承主代理的技能。在每个子代理定义中添加一个
skills参数,指定该子代理的技能源路径。
from deepagents import create_deep_agent
research_subagent = {
"name": "researcher",
"description": "Research assistant with specialized skills",
"system_prompt": "You are a researcher.",
"tools": [web_search],
"skills": ["/skills/research/", "/skills/web-search/"], # 子代理特定的技能
}
agent = create_deep_agent(
model="google_genai:gemini-3.1-pro-preview",
skills=["/skills/main/"], # 主代理和通用子代理获得这些技能
subagents=[research_subagent], # 研究员只获得自己的技能
)
代理看到的内容
当配置了技能时,一个“技能系统”部分会被注入到代理的系统提示中。代理使用此信息来遵循一个三步流程:- 匹配—当用户提示到达时,代理检查是否有任何技能的描述与任务匹配。
- 读取—如果某个技能适用,代理会使用其技能列表中显示的路径读取完整的
SKILL.md文件。 - 执行—代理遵循技能的说明,并根据需要访问任何支持文件(脚本、模板、参考文档)。
在你的
SKILL.md frontmatter 中编写清晰、具体的描述。代理仅根据描述来决定是否使用技能——详细的描述能带来更好的技能匹配。在沙箱中执行技能脚本
技能可以包含与SKILL.md 文件一起的脚本,例如,执行搜索或数据转换的 Python 文件。代理可以从任何后端读取这些脚本,但要执行它们,代理需要访问 shell——这只有沙箱后端才能提供。
当你使用 CompositeBackend 将技能路由到 StoreBackend 进行持久化,同时使用沙箱作为默认后端时,技能文件存储在存储中,而不是代码运行的沙箱中。为了让沙箱能够使用这些脚本,你必须在代理启动之前使用自定义中间件将技能脚本上传到沙箱:
import asyncio
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any
from daytona import Daytona
from deepagents import create_deep_agent
from deepagents.backends import CompositeBackend, StoreBackend
from deepagents.backends.utils import create_file_data
from langchain.agents.middleware import AgentMiddleware, AgentState
from langchain_daytona import DaytonaSandbox
from langgraph.runtime import Runtime
from langgraph.store.memory import InMemoryStore
# 为每个用户提供相同的技能包:一个共享的存储命名空间。
SKILLS_SHARED_NAMESPACE = ("skills", "builtin")
class SkillSandboxSyncMiddleware(AgentMiddleware[AgentState, Any, Any]):
"""在每次代理运行前,将共享技能文件从存储复制到沙箱中。"""
def __init__(self, backend: CompositeBackend) -> None:
super().__init__()
self.backend = backend
async def abefore_agent(self, state: AgentState, runtime: Runtime[Any]) -> None:
store = runtime.store
files: list[tuple[str, bytes]] = []
for item in await store.asearch(SKILLS_SHARED_NAMESPACE):
key = str(item.key)
if ".." in key or any(c in key for c in ("*", "?")):
msg = f"无效的键: {key}"
raise ValueError(msg)
normalized = key if key.startswith("/") else f"/{key}"
# CompositeBackend 路由路径并将批量上传到正确的后端。
files.append((f"/skills{normalized}", item.value["content"].encode()))
if files:
await self.backend.aupload_files(files)
async def seed_skill_store(store: InMemoryStore) -> None:
"""将规范的技能文件从磁盘加载到共享存储命名空间(部署时运行一次)。
您可以从任何来源(本地文件系统、远程 URL 等)检索技能。
"""
skills_dir = Path(__file__).resolve().parent / "skills"
for file_path in sorted(p for p in skills_dir.rglob("*") if p.is_file()):
rel = file_path.relative_to(skills_dir).as_posix()
key = f"/{rel}"
await store.aput(
SKILLS_SHARED_NAMESPACE,
key,
create_file_data(file_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")),
)
async def main() -> None:
store = InMemoryStore()
await seed_skill_store(store)
daytona = Daytona()
sandbox = daytona.create()
sandbox_backend = DaytonaSandbox(sandbox=sandbox)
backend = CompositeBackend(
default=sandbox_backend,
routes={
"/skills/": StoreBackend(
store=store,
namespace=lambda _rt: SKILLS_SHARED_NAMESPACE,
),
},
)
try:
agent = create_deep_agent(
model="google_genai:gemini-3.1-pro-preview",
backend=backend,
skills=["/skills/"],
store=store,
middleware=[SkillSandboxSyncMiddleware(backend)],
)
finally:
sandbox.stop()
if __name__ == "__main__":
asyncio.run(main())
import asyncio
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any
from daytona import Daytona
from deepagents import create_deep_agent
from deepagents.backends import CompositeBackend, StoreBackend
from deepagents.backends.utils import create_file_data
from langchain.agents.middleware import AgentMiddleware, AgentState
from langchain_daytona import DaytonaSandbox
from langgraph.runtime import Runtime
from langgraph.store.memory import InMemoryStore
# 为每个用户提供相同的技能包:一个共享的存储命名空间。
SKILLS_SHARED_NAMESPACE = ("skills", "builtin")
class SkillSandboxSyncMiddleware(AgentMiddleware[AgentState, Any, Any]):
"""在每次代理运行前,将共享技能文件从存储复制到沙箱中。"""
def __init__(self, backend: CompositeBackend) -> None:
super().__init__()
self.backend = backend
async def abefore_agent(self, state: AgentState, runtime: Runtime[Any]) -> None:
store = runtime.store
files: list[tuple[str, bytes]] = []
for item in await store.asearch(SKILLS_SHARED_NAMESPACE):
key = str(item.key)
if ".." in key or any(c in key for c in ("*", "?")):
msg = f"无效的键: {key}"
raise ValueError(msg)
normalized = key if key.startswith("/") else f"/{key}"
# CompositeBackend 路由路径并将批量上传到正确的后端。
files.append((f"/skills{normalized}", item.value["content"].encode()))
if files:
await self.backend.aupload_files(files)
async def seed_skill_store(store: InMemoryStore) -> None:
"""将规范的技能文件从磁盘加载到共享存储命名空间(部署时运行一次)。
您可以从任何来源(本地文件系统、远程 URL 等)检索技能。
"""
skills_dir = Path(__file__).resolve().parent / "skills"
for file_path in sorted(p for p in skills_dir.rglob("*") if p.is_file()):
rel = file_path.relative_to(skills_dir).as_posix()
key = f"/{rel}"
await store.aput(
SKILLS_SHARED_NAMESPACE,
key,
create_file_data(file_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")),
)
async def main() -> None:
store = InMemoryStore()
await seed_skill_store(store)
daytona = Daytona()
sandbox = daytona.create()
sandbox_backend = DaytonaSandbox(sandbox=sandbox)
backend = CompositeBackend(
default=sandbox_backend,
routes={
"/skills/": StoreBackend(
store=store,
namespace=lambda _rt: SKILLS_SHARED_NAMESPACE,
),
},
)
try:
agent = create_deep_agent(
model="openai:gpt-5.4",
backend=backend,
skills=["/skills/"],
store=store,
middleware=[SkillSandboxSyncMiddleware(backend)],
)
finally:
sandbox.stop()
if __name__ == "__main__":
asyncio.run(main())
import asyncio
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any
from daytona import Daytona
from deepagents import create_deep_agent
from deepagents.backends import CompositeBackend, StoreBackend
from deepagents.backends.utils import create_file_data
from langchain.agents.middleware import AgentMiddleware, AgentState
from langchain_daytona import DaytonaSandbox
from langgraph.runtime import Runtime
from langgraph.store.memory import InMemoryStore
# 为每个用户提供相同的技能包:一个共享的存储命名空间。
SKILLS_SHARED_NAMESPACE = ("skills", "builtin")
class SkillSandboxSyncMiddleware(AgentMiddleware[AgentState, Any, Any]):
"""在每次代理运行前,将共享技能文件从存储复制到沙箱中。"""
def __init__(self, backend: CompositeBackend) -> None:
super().__init__()
self.backend = backend
async def abefore_agent(self, state: AgentState, runtime: Runtime[Any]) -> None:
store = runtime.store
files: list[tuple[str, bytes]] = []
for item in await store.asearch(SKILLS_SHARED_NAMESPACE):
key = str(item.key)
if ".." in key or any(c in key for c in ("*", "?")):
msg = f"无效的键: {key}"
raise ValueError(msg)
normalized = key if key.startswith("/") else f"/{key}"
# CompositeBackend 路由路径并将批量上传到正确的后端。
files.append((f"/skills{normalized}", item.value["content"].encode()))
if files:
await self.backend.aupload_files(files)
async def seed_skill_store(store: InMemoryStore) -> None:
"""将规范的技能文件从磁盘加载到共享存储命名空间(部署时运行一次)。
您可以从任何来源(本地文件系统、远程 URL 等)检索技能。
"""
skills_dir = Path(__file__).resolve().parent / "skills"
for file_path in sorted(p for p in skills_dir.rglob("*") if p.is_file()):
rel = file_path.relative_to(skills_dir).as_posix()
key = f"/{rel}"
await store.aput(
SKILLS_SHARED_NAMESPACE,
key,
create_file_data(file_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")),
)
async def main() -> None:
store = InMemoryStore()
await seed_skill_store(store)
daytona = Daytona()
sandbox = daytona.create()
sandbox_backend = DaytonaSandbox(sandbox=sandbox)
backend = CompositeBackend(
default=sandbox_backend,
routes={
"/skills/": StoreBackend(
store=store,
namespace=lambda _rt: SKILLS_SHARED_NAMESPACE,
),
},
)
try:
agent = create_deep_agent(
model="anthropic:claude-sonnet-4-6",
backend=backend,
skills=["/skills/"],
store=store,
middleware=[SkillSandboxSyncMiddleware(backend)],
)
finally:
sandbox.stop()
if __name__ == "__main__":
asyncio.run(main())
import asyncio
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any
from daytona import Daytona
from deepagents import create_deep_agent
from deepagents.backends import CompositeBackend, StoreBackend
from deepagents.backends.utils import create_file_data
from langchain.agents.middleware import AgentMiddleware, AgentState
from langchain_daytona import DaytonaSandbox
from langgraph.runtime import Runtime
from langgraph.store.memory import InMemoryStore
# 为每个用户提供相同的技能包:一个共享的存储命名空间。
SKILLS_SHARED_NAMESPACE = ("skills", "builtin")
class SkillSandboxSyncMiddleware(AgentMiddleware[AgentState, Any, Any]):
"""在每次代理运行前,将共享技能文件从存储复制到沙箱中。"""
def __init__(self, backend: CompositeBackend) -> None:
super().__init__()
self.backend = backend
async def abefore_agent(self, state: AgentState, runtime: Runtime[Any]) -> None:
store = runtime.store
files: list[tuple[str, bytes]] = []
for item in await store.asearch(SKILLS_SHARED_NAMESPACE):
key = str(item.key)
if ".." in key or any(c in key for c in ("*", "?")):
msg = f"无效的键: {key}"
raise ValueError(msg)
normalized = key if key.startswith("/") else f"/{key}"
# CompositeBackend 路由路径并将批量上传到正确的后端。
files.append((f"/skills{normalized}", item.value["content"].encode()))
if files:
await self.backend.aupload_files(files)
async def seed_skill_store(store: InMemoryStore) -> None:
"""将规范的技能文件从磁盘加载到共享存储命名空间(部署时运行一次)。
您可以从任何来源(本地文件系统、远程 URL 等)检索技能。
"""
skills_dir = Path(__file__).resolve().parent / "skills"
for file_path in sorted(p for p in skills_dir.rglob("*") if p.is_file()):
rel = file_path.relative_to(skills_dir).as_posix()
key = f"/{rel}"
await store.aput(
SKILLS_SHARED_NAMESPACE,
key,
create_file_data(file_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")),
)
async def main() -> None:
store = InMemoryStore()
await seed_skill_store(store)
daytona = Daytona()
sandbox = daytona.create()
sandbox_backend = DaytonaSandbox(sandbox=sandbox)
backend = CompositeBackend(
default=sandbox_backend,
routes={
"/skills/": StoreBackend(
store=store,
namespace=lambda _rt: SKILLS_SHARED_NAMESPACE,
),
},
)
try:
agent = create_deep_agent(
model="openrouter:anthropic/claude-sonnet-4-6",
backend=backend,
skills=["/skills/"],
store=store,
middleware=[SkillSandboxSyncMiddleware(backend)],
)
finally:
sandbox.stop()
if __name__ == "__main__":
asyncio.run(main())
import asyncio
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any
from daytona import Daytona
from deepagents import create_deep_agent
from deepagents.backends import CompositeBackend, StoreBackend
from deepagents.backends.utils import create_file_data
from langchain.agents.middleware import AgentMiddleware, AgentState
from langchain_daytona import DaytonaSandbox
from langgraph.runtime import Runtime
from langgraph.store.memory import InMemoryStore
# 为每个用户提供相同的技能包:一个共享的存储命名空间。
SKILLS_SHARED_NAMESPACE = ("skills", "builtin")
class SkillSandboxSyncMiddleware(AgentMiddleware[AgentState, Any, Any]):
"""在每次代理运行前,将共享技能文件从存储复制到沙箱中。"""
def __init__(self, backend: CompositeBackend) -> None:
super().__init__()
self.backend = backend
async def abefore_agent(self, state: AgentState, runtime: Runtime[Any]) -> None:
store = runtime.store
files: list[tuple[str, bytes]] = []
for item in await store.asearch(SKILLS_SHARED_NAMESPACE):
key = str(item.key)
if ".." in key or any(c in key for c in ("*", "?")):
msg = f"无效的键: {key}"
raise ValueError(msg)
normalized = key if key.startswith("/") else f"/{key}"
# CompositeBackend 路由路径并将批量上传到正确的后端。
files.append((f"/skills{normalized}", item.value["content"].encode()))
if files:
await self.backend.aupload_files(files)
async def seed_skill_store(store: InMemoryStore) -> None:
"""将规范的技能文件从磁盘加载到共享存储命名空间(部署时运行一次)。
您可以从任何来源(本地文件系统、远程 URL 等)检索技能。
"""
skills_dir = Path(__file__).resolve().parent / "skills"
for file_path in sorted(p for p in skills_dir.rglob("*") if p.is_file()):
rel = file_path.relative_to(skills_dir).as_posix()
key = f"/{rel}"
await store.aput(
SKILLS_SHARED_NAMESPACE,
key,
create_file_data(file_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")),
)
async def main() -> None:
store = InMemoryStore()
await seed_skill_store(store)
daytona = Daytona()
sandbox = daytona.create()
sandbox_backend = DaytonaSandbox(sandbox=sandbox)
backend = CompositeBackend(
default=sandbox_backend,
routes={
"/skills/": StoreBackend(
store=store,
namespace=lambda _rt: SKILLS_SHARED_NAMESPACE,
),
},
)
try:
agent = create_deep_agent(
model="fireworks:accounts/fireworks/models/qwen3p5-397b-a17b",
backend=backend,
skills=["/skills/"],
store=store,
middleware=[SkillSandboxSyncMiddleware(backend)],
)
finally:
sandbox.stop()
if __name__ == "__main__":
asyncio.run(main())
import asyncio
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any
from daytona import Daytona
from deepagents import create_deep_agent
from deepagents.backends import CompositeBackend, StoreBackend
from deepagents.backends.utils import create_file_data
from langchain.agents.middleware import AgentMiddleware, AgentState
from langchain_daytona import DaytonaSandbox
from langgraph.runtime import Runtime
from langgraph.store.memory import InMemoryStore
# 为每个用户提供相同的技能包:一个共享的存储命名空间。
SKILLS_SHARED_NAMESPACE = ("skills", "builtin")
class SkillSandboxSyncMiddleware(AgentMiddleware[AgentState, Any, Any]):
"""在每次代理运行前,将共享技能文件从存储复制到沙箱中。"""
def __init__(self, backend: CompositeBackend) -> None:
super().__init__()
self.backend = backend
async def abefore_agent(self, state: AgentState, runtime: Runtime[Any]) -> None:
store = runtime.store
files: list[tuple[str, bytes]] = []
for item in await store.asearch(SKILLS_SHARED_NAMESPACE):
key = str(item.key)
if ".." in key or any(c in key for c in ("*", "?")):
msg = f"无效的键: {key}"
raise ValueError(msg)
normalized = key if key.startswith("/") else f"/{key}"
# CompositeBackend 路由路径并将批量上传到正确的后端。
files.append((f"/skills{normalized}", item.value["content"].encode()))
if files:
await self.backend.aupload_files(files)
async def seed_skill_store(store: InMemoryStore) -> None:
"""将规范的技能文件从磁盘加载到共享存储命名空间(部署时运行一次)。
您可以从任何来源(本地文件系统、远程 URL 等)检索技能。
"""
skills_dir = Path(__file__).resolve().parent / "skills"
for file_path in sorted(p for p in skills_dir.rglob("*") if p.is_file()):
rel = file_path.relative_to(skills_dir).as_posix()
key = f"/{rel}"
await store.aput(
SKILLS_SHARED_NAMESPACE,
key,
create_file_data(file_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")),
)
async def main() -> None:
store = InMemoryStore()
await seed_skill_store(store)
daytona = Daytona()
sandbox = daytona.create()
sandbox_backend = DaytonaSandbox(sandbox=sandbox)
backend = CompositeBackend(
default=sandbox_backend,
routes={
"/skills/": StoreBackend(
store=store,
namespace=lambda _rt: SKILLS_SHARED_NAMESPACE,
),
},
)
try:
agent = create_deep_agent(
model="baseten:zai-org/GLM-5",
backend=backend,
skills=["/skills/"],
store=store,
middleware=[SkillSandboxSyncMiddleware(backend)],
)
finally:
sandbox.stop()
if __name__ == "__main__":
asyncio.run(main())
import asyncio
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any
from daytona import Daytona
from deepagents import create_deep_agent
from deepagents.backends import CompositeBackend, StoreBackend
from deepagents.backends.utils import create_file_data
from langchain.agents.middleware import AgentMiddleware, AgentState
from langchain_daytona import DaytonaSandbox
from langgraph.runtime import Runtime
from langgraph.store.memory import InMemoryStore
# 为每个用户提供相同的技能包:一个共享的存储命名空间。
SKILLS_SHARED_NAMESPACE = ("skills", "builtin")
class SkillSandboxSyncMiddleware(AgentMiddleware[AgentState, Any, Any]):
"""在每次代理运行前,将共享技能文件从存储复制到沙箱中。"""
def __init__(self, backend: CompositeBackend) -> None:
super().__init__()
self.backend = backend
async def abefore_agent(self, state: AgentState, runtime: Runtime[Any]) -> None:
store = runtime.store
files: list[tuple[str, bytes]] = []
for item in await store.asearch(SKILLS_SHARED_NAMESPACE):
key = str(item.key)
if ".." in key or any(c in key for c in ("*", "?")):
msg = f"无效的键: {key}"
raise ValueError(msg)
normalized = key if key.startswith("/") else f"/{key}"
# CompositeBackend 路由路径并将批量上传到正确的后端。
files.append((f"/skills{normalized}", item.value["content"].encode()))
if files:
await self.backend.aupload_files(files)
async def seed_skill_store(store: InMemoryStore) -> None:
"""将规范的技能文件从磁盘加载到共享存储命名空间(部署时运行一次)。
您可以从任何来源(本地文件系统、远程 URL 等)检索技能。
"""
skills_dir = Path(__file__).resolve().parent / "skills"
for file_path in sorted(p for p in skills_dir.rglob("*") if p.is_file()):
rel = file_path.relative_to(skills_dir).as_posix()
key = f"/{rel}"
await store.aput(
SKILLS_SHARED_NAMESPACE,
key,
create_file_data(file_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8")),
)
async def main() -> None:
store = InMemoryStore()
await seed_skill_store(store)
daytona = Daytona()
sandbox = daytona.create()
sandbox_backend = DaytonaSandbox(sandbox=sandbox)
backend = CompositeBackend(
default=sandbox_backend,
routes={
"/skills/": StoreBackend(
store=store,
namespace=lambda _rt: SKILLS_SHARED_NAMESPACE,
),
},
)
try:
agent = create_deep_agent(
model="ollama:devstral-2",
backend=backend,
skills=["/skills/"],
store=store,
middleware=[SkillSandboxSyncMiddleware(backend)],
)
finally:
sandbox.stop()
if __name__ == "__main__":
asyncio.run(main())
before_agent 钩子在每次代理调用之前运行,从该共享命名空间读取技能文件并将其上传到沙箱文件系统。同步后,代理就可以像使用沙箱中的任何其他文件一样,使用 execute 工具执行脚本。
有关一个更完整的示例,该示例还双向同步记忆,请参阅使用自定义中间件同步技能和记忆。
技能与记忆
技能和记忆(AGENTS.md 文件)服务于不同的目的:
| 技能 | 记忆 | |
|---|---|---|
| 目的 | 通过渐进式披露发现的按需能力 | 启动时始终加载的持久上下文 |
| 加载 | 仅在代理确定相关性时读取 | 始终注入系统提示 |
| 格式 | 命名目录中的 SKILL.md | AGENTS.md 文件 |
| 分层 | 用户 → 项目(后者优先) | 用户 → 项目(合并) |
| 使用场景 | 说明是特定于任务的,可能很大 | 上下文始终相关(项目约定、偏好) |
何时使用技能和工具
以下是使用工具和技能的一些通用指南:- 当有大量上下文时使用技能,以减少系统提示中的令牌数量。
- 使用技能将能力捆绑成更大的操作,并提供超出单个工具描述的额外上下文。
- 如果代理无法访问文件系统,则使用工具。
将这些文档连接到 Claude、VSCode 等,通过 MCP 获取实时答案。

